Emulation of the Six-State Quantum Key Distribution Protocol with Pulsed Lasers

Abstract

Quantum cryptography remains a topic of enduring scientific and educational interest. Here, we present a clear and accessible framework for exploring the six-state quantum key distribution protocol, an enhanced three-basis extension of the BB84 scheme that combines optical experiments with computational analysis. Designed for testing quantum communication protocols through emulation, this approach provides a robust and cost-effective platform that highlights the fundamental principles of multi-basis encoding and demonstrates how experimental measurements connect directly to theoretical expectations in a controlled tabletop setting.