Kodaira dimension of almost complex $4$-manifolds with torsion first Chern class

Abstract

In this paper we investigate the Kodaira dimension of almost complex $4$-manifolds with torsion first Chern class. First, we prove that, if the almost complex structure is also tamed, the only possible values for the Kodaira dimension are $0$ or $-\infty$. This is done by developing the theory of pseudoholomorphic structures on vector bundles. In arbitrary dimension, we study infinitesimal deformations of structures with pseudoholomorphically torsion canonical bundle. We compute their tangent space and, under suitable assumptions, we prove an unobstructedness theorem in the spirit of Bogomolov--Tian--Todorov. Together, our results allow to fully describe non-integrable infinitesimal deformations of complex structures on $K3$ and Enriques surfaces in terms of their Kodaira dimension.