Luxemburg Norm Localisation for Nonlocal Differential Equations in Variable Exponent Lebesgue Spaces

Abstract

We investigate a class of variable growth nonlocal differential equations of Kirchhoff-type having the general form \(-A\!\left(\int_0^1 b(1-s)\,\big(u(s)\big)^{p(s)}\,ds\right)\,u''(t) = \lambda\,f(t,u(t))\) for \(t\in(0,1)\), where \(A\) is a possibly sign-changing function. Our analysis is carried out in the variable-exponent Lebesgue space \(L^{p(\cdot)}([0,1])\) under the standing hypothesis \(p(t)>1\). We demonstrate that using the Luxemburg norm allows for a much sharper localisation of the solution to the nonlocal problem. Moreover, the conditions imposed on both \(\lambda\) and \(f\) are appreciably weakened when the problem is analysed within the Luxemburg norm framework. An example explicitly demonstrates both the qualitative and quantitative advantages over earlier techniques.