Lensless and Lossless HoloVAM

Abstract

We report the first successful fabrication of three-dimensional models using our fully lensless holographic volumetric additive manufacturing (HoloVAM) platform. In this configuration, tomographic light fields are generated directly from a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) and delivered into a rotating vial of photopolymer without any imaging optics, relays, or index-matching bath. Building on the HoloTile framework for tiled Fourier holography and point-spread function (PSF) shaping, the system creates volumetric dose distributions with high photon efficiency and well-controlled axial propagation. Using a simple acrylate resin formulation and a minimalized optical train, we demonstrate reproducible fabrication of complex geometries. These results establish lensless HoloVAM as a practical and mechanically minimal route to volumetric fabrication, opening a new pathway toward compact and application-flexible VAM devices.