On the Optimality of a Quantum Key Distribution

Abstract

Quantum key distribution (QKD) systems require optimal performance of both quantum and classical channels - utilizing as few as possible qubits and bits for establishing as many as possible key bits. Here we report a way to determine if a quantum key distribution model (or protocol) operates in an optimal behavior. This is accomplished by introducing a quantity, called optimality, which is the maximum over the total efficiency of a QKD under any circumstances (any values of QKD parameters). The optimality definition is given for the asymptotic operation of a QKD system - when infinitely many quantum systems are transferred/used in a quantum key distribution protocol or a quantum key distribution system is used infinitely many times. A way to attain the optimality is considered\textemdash implementation of a completely efficient QKD system (a combination of capacity-reaching quantum channel and a completely compressed classical channel) is presented. Optimal versions of BB84-QKD and twin-field QKD are introduced.