Experimental realization of Energy modulation of high-order R-TEM laser modes in Radially polarized cylindrical vector beam

Abstract

A In this work, an experimental approach is introduced to redistribute optical energy among the multiple concentric core rings of high-order R-TEM laser modes, differing from conventional high-order R-TEM modes that inherently exhibit non-uniform energy across their rings. By employing a diffractive optical element formed from a binary phase mask with two oppositely phased regions, the energy sharing between the rings can be tuned to achieve a variable intensity ratio in the ring pattern. The resulting modulated high-order R-TEM modes are expected to surpass standard R-TEM modes for applications requiring ring structures with nearly equal intensity, such as micro- and nanoparticle manipulation, optical lithography, and near-field optical data storage.