Comment on: Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt When Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Tasks

Abstract

Recently published work titled Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt When Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task by Kosmyna et al. (2025) has sparked a vivid debate on the topic of artificial intelligence (AI) and human performance. We sincerely congratulate Kosmyna et al. for initiating such important research, collecting a valuable dataset, and establishing highly automated pipelines for Natural Language Processing (NLP) analyses and scoring. We aim to provide constructive comments that may improve the manuscript's readiness for peer-reviewed publication, as some results by Kosmyna et al. (2025) could be interpreted more conservatively. Our primary concerns focus on: (i) study design considerations, including the limited sample size; (ii) the reproducibility of the analyses; (iii) methodological issues related to the EEG analysis; (iv) inconsistencies in the reporting of results; and (v) limited transparency in several aspects of the study's procedures and findings.