Quantum steering as a probe of energy transfer in quantum batteries

Abstract

This study investigates the role of EPR steering in characterizing the energy dynamics of quantum batteries (QBs) within \textcolor{black}{a charging system that features shared reservoirs. After optimizing parameter configurations to achieve high-energy systems, we observe across a variety of charging scenarios with low-dissipation regimes that steering serves as a vital resource: it is initially stored until the system reaches energy equilibrium, and then subsequently utilized to sustain the enhancement of energy storage. Furthermore, steering acts as a witness to battery population balance and a consumable that enhances extractable work. Additionally, we discuss the contribution of the steering potential to energy upon high-dissipation charging in details. These findings establish a novel indicator for monitoring QB energy variations, which will be beneficial to achieve the high-performance quantum batteries.