Wichmann-Kroll Correction in Muonic Atoms and Hydrogen-Like Electronic Ions: a Comparative Study of Two Methods

Abstract

Wichmann-Kroll corrections are calculated in both hydrogen-like electronic ions and muonic systems ($Z = \{36$--$92\}$) using two independent methods. The Gaussian finite basis set approach, enhanced with dual basis construction, analytical large-distance corrections, and $B$-spline representations, provides computational efficiency. The Green function method, based on semi-analytical construction from Dirac solutions with Fermi nuclear charge distributions, offers higher systematic accuracy and freedom from basis-dependent artifacts. Results are consistent with the literature values, providing reliable reference data for precision spectroscopy of exotic atoms.