Representation theory of inhomogeneous Gaussian unitaries

Abstract

Gaussian unitaries, generated by quadratic Hamiltonians, are fundamental in quantum optics and continuous-variable computing. Their structures correspond to symplectic (bosons) and orthogonal (fermions) groups, but physical realizations give rise to their respective double covers, introducing phase and sign ambiguities. The homogeneous (quadratic-only) case has been resolved through a parameterization constructed in a recent work [arXiv:2409.11628]. We extend the previous framework to inhomogeneous Gaussian unitaries parameterized by $(M,z,\Psi)$. The Baker-Campbel-Hausdorff formula allows us then to factor any Gaussian unitary into a squeezing and a displacement transformation, from which we derive the group multiplication law.