Global Multiplicity and Comparison Principles for Singular Problems driven by Mixed Local-Nonlocal Operators

Abstract

We study a singular elliptic problem driven by a mixed local-nonlocal operator of the form \begin{equation*} \begin{aligned} -\Delta_p u + (-\Delta_q)^s u &= \frac{\lambda}{u^{\delta}} + u^r \text{ in } \Omega\newline u > 0 \text{ in } \Omega,\ u &= 0 \text{ in } \mathbb{R}^N \setminus \Omega \end{aligned} \end{equation*} where $p > sq$, $0<\delta<1$ and $\lambda > 0$ is a parameter. The nonlinearity exhibits a singular power-type behavior near zero and displays at most a critical growth at infinity. We establish a global multiplicity result with respect to the parameter $\lambda$ by identifying a sharp threshold that separates existence, non-existence, and multiplicity regimes, a result that is new for singular problems involving mixed local-nonlocal operators. We also derive a Hopf-type strong comparison principle adapted to this nonlinear setting, which provides the main analytical tool for the global multiplicity result. Additionally, we investigate qualitative properties of solutions that are essential for the variational analysis, such as a uniform $L^{\infty}$-estimate and a Sobolev versus H\"older local minimizer result. The analytical tools developed herein are of independent mathematical interest, with their applicability extending over a broader class of mixed local-nonlocal problems.