High Energy Nuclear Optics of polarized nucleons and nuclei: research at complex Nuclotron M- NICA

Abstract

Refracton of particles (nucleons, nuclei, $\gamma$-quanta) in matter with polarized protons (nuclei) results in revealing coherent quasi-optical phenomenon of nuclear spin precession of particles (nuclei) in the pseudomagnetic field of matter with polarized spins and the phenomenon of birefringence of particles (nuclei) with spin $S \ge 1$. These phenomena can be observed and studied at complex NuclotronM-NICA. The similar effects for $\gamma$-quanta could be observed at LINAC accelerator. Quasi-optical coherent phenomena of spin rotation and dichroism are not caused by strong interactions only, the T-odd P-odd, T-odd P-even, T-even P-odd interactions also contribute. Limits for the value of these contributions at energies available at complex NuclotronM-NICA can be obtained by investigating all these phenomena. When studying polarized particles collisions, it is necessary to consider possible influences of quasi-optical phenomena of spin rotation and spin dichroism caused by nuclear precession and birefringence.