Slow-fast dynamics in a planar parasite--host model with an extinction singularity

Abstract

We study a slow-fast parasite--host model featuring a singularity at the extinction state. Using techniques from Geometric Singular Perturbation Theory (GSPT), and in particular the so-called blow-up method, we desingularize that point and reconstruct the local and global dynamics. The system we consider is in non-standard GSPT form and is characterized by a rich dynamical behavior: families of slow-fast homoclinic orbits, canard-like transitions generated by trajectories that remain close to a repelling critical manifold, and topological changes produced by infinitesimal variations of the infection rate, including the creation and destruction of an endemic equilibrium. We also show that our model is able to reproduce dynamics observed in the spread of the Tasmanian devil facial tumor disease (DFTD), whose behavior resembles the one of a parasite. We conclude with a numerical exploration of the model, to illustrate our analytical results.