On non-uniqueness of mild solutions and stationary singular solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract

We prove that the unconditional uniqueness of mild solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations fails in all the Besov spaces with negative regularity index, by constructing non-trivial stationary singular solutions via convex integration. We also establish uniqueness of stationary weak solutions in an endpoint critical space. Similar results are proved for the fractional Navier-Stokes equations with arbitrarily large power of the Laplacian in both Lebesgue and Besov spaces.