Selfish Cooperation Towards Low-Altitude Economy: Integrated Multi-Service Deployment with Resilient Federated Reinforcement Learning

Abstract

The low-altitude economy (LAE) is a rapidly emerging paradigm that builds a service-centric economic ecosystem through large-scale and sustainable uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled service provisioning, reflecting the transition of the 6G era from technological advancement toward commercial deployment. The significant market potential of LAE attracts an increasing number of service providers (SPs), resulting in intensified competition in service deployment. In this paper, we study a realistic LAE scenario in which multiple SPs dynamically deploy UAVs to deliver multiple services to user hotspots, aiming to jointly optimize communication and computation resource allocation. To resolve deployment competition among SPs, an authenticity-guaranteed auction mechanism is designed, and game-theoretic analysis is conducted to establish the solvability of the proposed resource allocation problem. Furthermore, a resilient federated reinforcement learning (FRL)-based solution is developed with strong fault tolerance, effectively countering transmission errors and malicious competition while facilitating potential cooperation among self-interested SPs. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly improves service performance and robustness compared with baseline methods, providing a practical and scalable solution for competitive LAE service deployment.