Chiral Terahertz Amplification and Lasing using Two-Dimensional Materials with Berry Curvature Dipole

Abstract

Compact, electrically driven sources of coherent terahertz (THz) radiation remain a challenge due to the lack of efficient gain media and scalable device platforms. Here, we propose and theoretically investigate a cavity-based THz gain mechanism enabled by Berry curvature dipole (BCD) in a DC-biased, low-symmetry two-dimensional (2D) material. Placing the biased 2D layer at the center of a Fabry-Perot cavity enhances light-matter interactions, enabling direct conversion of DC electrical power into coherent THz radiation. We analyze the conditions for amplification and lasing, and identify the parameter regimes that support self-oscillatory coherent emission. Rather than introducing a specific device implementation, our work establishes the physical principles and operating conditions for BCD-enabled THz gain and lasing and provides the theoretical foundation for future realizations. The chiral nature of BCD-induced response enables bias-tunable chiral optical gain, selective polarization eigenstate amplification, and electrically controlled handedness of the emitted radiation. Importantly, substantial amplification and lasing are achieved using only a single 2D material, significantly simplifying device design while preserving scalability across the THz band via cavity-length tuning. This platform is broadly applicable to low-symmetry 2D materials with finite BCD, offering a general route toward compact, frequency-tunable, and polarization-selective THz sources.