Energy-Driven Adaptive Visual Token Pruning for Efficient Vision-Language Models

Abstract

Visual token reduction is critical for accelerating Vision-Language Models (VLMs), yet most existing approaches rely on a fixed budget shared across all inputs, overlooking the substantial variation in image information density. We propose E-AdaPrune, an energy-driven adaptive pruning framework that determines the token budget from the singular value spectrum of the visual features space. By preserving a certain proportion of spectral energy, our method allocates more tokens to information-dense scenes while aggressively compressing redundant ones, without introducing additional learnable parameters. We evaluate E-AdaPrune on nine benchmarks and three VLM backbones, LLaVA-1.5-7B, LLaVA-1.5-13B, and LLaVA-NeXT-8B. Under matched average token budgets, E-AdaPrune consistently yields an average improvement of up to 0.6\%, including a significant +5.1\% relative boost on the MMVet reasoning task. Using randomized singular value decomposition, the additional latency is limited to 8ms per image.