Exponential stability of the linearized viscous Saint-Venant equations using a quadratic Lyapunov function

Abstract

In this work, we investigate the exponential stability of the viscous Saint-Venant equations by adding to the standard hyperbolic Saint-Venant equations a viscosity term coming from the higher order approximation of the Saint-Venant equations from Navier-Stokes equations. The inclusion of viscosity transforms these equations into more complex second-order partial differential equations, accurately modeling the behavior of real-world fluids that inherently possess viscosity. We construct an explicit quadratic Lyapunov function and demonstrate that it must be diagonal in physical coordinates, revealing that certain quadratic Lyapunov functions effective in non-viscous cases become inadequate when viscosity is introduced. We find explicit sufficient conditions on the parameters of the boundary conditions such that for small viscosities a quadratic Lyapunov function exists. This result ensures the exponential stability of the linearized system around the steady-state solutions in the $L^2$ norm.