First and second-order optimality conditions for a bilinear controlled wave equation on an infinite horizon

Abstract

This paper investigates the optimal control of a bilinear damped wave equation over an infinite time horizon. We establish the well-posedness of the controlled system and derive uniform energy estimates. The existence of optimal controls is proven by constructing a minimizing sequence. We prove that the control-to-state mapping is twice continuously Fr\'echet differentiable, which enables the derivation of first-order necessary optimality conditions in the form of a variational inequality and a pointwise projection formula. Furthermore, we establish second-order necessary and sufficient conditions: the nonnegativity of the Hessian of the cost functional is shown to be a necessary condition for local optimality, while the coercivity of this Hessian constitutes a sufficient condition. These results provide a complete characterization of local optimality for bilinear hyperbolic control systems over infinite time horizons on bounded spatial domains.