Saturable absorption in diamond nanophotonics

Abstract

Diamond is a leading quantum photonics platform due to its ability to host qubits based on crystal defects such as nitrogen vacancy centres. Fabricating nanophotonic devices from defect-rich diamond, which is central to many quantum sensing technologies, promises to enable enhanced performance and integrability of diamond quantum sensors. Here we demonstrate microdisk cavities fabricated from defect-rich diamond that support optical modes with high quality factor ($Q\sim7\times10^4$ at 1042 nm), and show that they exhibit saturable absorption. Power dependent spectroscopy measurements spanning 979 nm to 1604 nm are used to extract wavelength-dependent absorption coefficients and saturation intensities, which indicate that a hydrogen-related defect is a likely origin of the observed absorption. At 1047 nm, we measure a saturation intensity of 3.3 (1) MW/cm$^2$ and an absorption coefficient of 0.537 (4) cm$^{-1}$. These results provide insight into defect-mediated optical loss in diamond nanophotonics and suggest strategies to harness defect-induced nonlinearities in future diamond photonic devices.