Global well-posedness of 2-D incompressible anisitropic Navier-Stokes equations with variable density

Abstract

We establish the global well-posedness for two-dimensional inhomogeneous, incompressible, anisotropic Navier-Stokes systems. Two specific models are analyzed: one with partial dissipation (referred to as (AINS)) and one with only horizontal dissipation (referred to as (HINS)), under the assumption that the initial density is bounded away from zero and infinity. For the (AINS) system posed in the whole plane $\mathbb{R}^2$, we prove the existence and uniqueness of global solutions for finite-energy initial data, employing time-weighted energy estimates and a duality argument. For the (HINS) system on the domain $\mathbb{T} \times \mathbb{R}$, global well-posedness is established for sufficiently small initial velocity and sufficiently small density variation. By exploiting the anisotropic dissipation structure, employing Poincar\'{e}-type inequalities to obtain exponential decay for the oscillatory part of the velocity field, and carefully balancing the growth of the density gradient, we overcome the principal analytical challenges.