A sharp logarithmic condition for the Hardy operator on $L^{1}(0,\infty)$ and $\ell^1$

Abstract

The Hardy operator is not bounded on the space of integrable functions on the positive half-line and its discrete counterpart on summable sequences. we introduce a modified Hardy operator obtained by subtracting a natural corrective term, and characterize the largest subspace of integrable functions on which this modified operator maps into integrable functions. The sharp condition is a logarithmic integrability (summability) requirement whose weight reflects obstructions on both small and large scales.