Policy, Technology, and Economic Efficiency of Infrastructure Energy Investment: A Strategic Analysis for a Low-Carbon Future

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive strategic analysis of infrastructure energy investment in the context of the global low-carbon transition. Integrating quantitative panel data analysis across 15 countries (2010-2023), detailed case studies of Germany, the United States, China, and the European Union, and scenario simulations through 2050, we examine how policy, technology, and economic factors interact to determine investment effectiveness. Using panel data from 15 countries over the period 2010-2023, we find that renewable energy investment is systematically associated with higher economic growth and lower carbon emissions after controlling for country and year fixed effects.