A domain hemivariational inequality for 2D and 3D convective Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy equations

Abstract

This paper investigates domain hemivariational inequality problems arising from the non-stationary two- and three-dimensional convective Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy (CBFeD) equations, which describe the flow of viscous incompressible fluids through saturated porous media in bounded domains. These equations may be regarded as generalized Navier-Stokes systems incorporating both damping and pumping mechanisms. For all admissible absorption exponents $r \ge 1 $ and effective viscosity $\mu > 0 $, the existence of weak solutions to the non-stationary 2D and 3D CBFeD equations with hemivariational inequalities is established via a regularized Galerkin approximation scheme, based on a suitable regularization of the Clarke subdifferential. A noteworthy aspect of the analysis is that the existence results extend to the three-dimensional non-stationary Navier-Stokes equations. Moreover, under appropriate conditions on the absorption exponent, specifically, $r \ge 1 $ in two dimensions and $ r \ge 3 $ in three dimensions, it is shown that weak solutions satisfy the energy equality. In addition, uniqueness of solutions is proved for $ r \ge 1$ in 2D and $r \ge 3$ in 3D, with the additional requirement $2\beta \mu > 1 $ in the critical case $r = 3 $.