Bogoliubov flat bands in twisted layered materials

Abstract

Flat bands have attracted considerable interest in condensed matter physics because they provide a fertile platform for realizing strongly correlated and topological quantum phases. To date, however, most studies have focused on flat bands in normal-state electronic structures, such as those found in graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides. In this work, we investigate the emergence of flat bands in the superconducting Bogoliubov quasiparticle spectrum of twisted layered $d$-wave superconductors. We show that when the superconducting order parameter is odd under the in-plane $\mathrm{C}_2$ rotation, Bogoliubov flat bands can be engineered in the vicinity of the rotation axis. By analyzing a low-energy effective Hamiltonian, we demonstrate that the Berry connection of single layer system provides a clear criterion for the formation of the Bogoliubov flat bands. Our results establish a new paradigm of superconducting twistronics, in which the twist angle acts as a powerful tuning parameter for designing gapless flat-band superconductors.