Quasiperiodicity-Engineered Re-entrant Localization-Delocalization aspects in a Diamond Lattice

Abstract

We investigate localization in a quasiperiodically engineered diamond lattice with strand-dependent Aubry-Andr\'e-Harper onsite modulations, highlighting the decisive roles of the modulation ratio $s$ and the averaged potential on the middle strand. The upper strand hosts the primary potential $\lambda$, the lower strand carries a weaker modulation $\lambda/s$, and the middle strand follows their average, generating a correlated quasiperiodic landscape across each plaquette. By tuning $\lambda$ for selected values of $s$, we probe spectral and eigenstate properties via the inverse participation ratio (IPR), normalized participation ratio (NPR), and fractal dimension $D_2$. We uncover a pronounced re-entrant localization behavior, where eigenstates repeatedly switch between extended and localized regimes, which persists only within a finite range of $s$ and crucially relies on the averaged potential construction. This unconventional sequence arises from the interplay of $s$, the correlated potential, and the intrinsic diamond geometry, producing a highly nontrivial interference landscape. Our results reveal localization physics beyond the standard Aubry-Andr\'e paradigm, further supported by the evolution of extended states, system-size scaling of $\langle \mathrm{NPR} \rangle$ and $\langle D_2 \rangle$, and dynamical signatures from the time-dependent root-mean-square displacement, confirming the robustness of the re-entrant transitions.