Constraining the Neutrino Mixing Matrix via Single-Sector Charged-Lepton Rotations in the JUNO Precision Era

Abstract

The unprecedented precision now being achieved in the measurement of the Pontecorvo--Maki--Nakagawa--Sakata (PMNS) lepton mixing matrix opens a new window onto the underlying structure of the neutrino mass matrix and the possibly associated flavor symmetries. In this work, we investigate the constraints imposed on the unitary matrix $U_\nu$ that diagonalises the neutrino mass matrix, under the hypothesis that the charged-lepton mixing matrix $U_l$ consists of a single two-by-two rotation in one of the three sectors: (1,2), (1,3), or (2,3). For this analysis, we considered the latest global fit which incorporates the precision measurement of $\theta_{12}$ from the JUNO experiment. For each scenario, we also derive analytical expressions for the entries of $U_\nu$ in terms of the measured PMNS parameters to obtain compact sum-rule-like formulae.