Predictor-Driven Diffusion for Spatiotemporal Generation

Abstract

Multiscale spatial structure complicates temporal prediction because small-scale spatial fluctuations influence large-scale evolution, yet resolving all scales is often intractable. Standard diffusion models do not address this problem effectively since they apply uniform decay across all Fourier modes. We propose Predictor-Driven Diffusion, a framework that combines renormalization-group-based spatial coarse-graining with a path-integral formulation of temporal dynamics. The forward process applies scale-dependent Laplacian damping together with additive noise, producing a hierarchy of coarse-grained fields indexed by diffusion scale ${\lambda}$. Training minimizes the Kullback-Leibler divergence between data-induced and predictor-induced path densities, leading to a simple regression loss on temporal derivatives. The resulting predictor captures how eliminated small-scale components statistically influence large-scale evolution. A key insight is that the same predictor provides a path score for reverse-${\lambda}$ sampling, unifying simulation, unconditional generation, and super-resolution in a single framework. Our unified approach is validated through experiments on two multiscale turbulent systems.