No evidence for dynamical dark energy from the Combo correlation of GRBs

Abstract

Recently, the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration has presented results indicating that dark energy may exhibit dynamical behavior. Calibrated gamma-ray burst (GRB) correlations can be employed to verify or reject a time-evolution of the dark energy (DE) equation of state, $\omega(z)$, up to redshifts $z\sim 9$. We use the most updated catalog of GRBs fulfilling the Combo correlation and improve its calibration employing three catalogs of type Ia supernovae at redshifts $z\leq0.075$ and the B\'ezier interpolation of the Hubble rate, as an alternative to the cosmographic series that fails to be constraining at high redshifts. To test the evolution of $\omega(z)$, we adopt a model-independent, redshift-binned DE parametrization. In both the calibration and the DE reconstruction analyses the impact of the spatial curvature on the results is explored. The calibrated Combo correlation yields a Hubble constant $H_0\sim70$ km/s/Mpc which alleviates the existing Hubble tension and is broadly consistent with current measurements, although the uncertainties prevent a high-precision measurement. Regarding the reconstruction of $\omega(z)$ of DE, spatially curved scenarios are disfavored and, despite the apparent ''phantom'' behavior at $z\lesssim0.55$ due to the limited statistics caused by the shortage of nearby events, at $z>0.55$ the analysis provides statistically robust evidence in favor of the cosmological constant scenario. The Combo correlation alleviates the Hubble tension and shows no significant evidence in favor of dynamical DE. This suggests that GRBs, as distance indicators, are broadly consistent with the current cosmic distance ladder.