Spatial mapping of quantum-dot dynamics across multiple timescales at low temperature using remote asynchronous optical sampling

Abstract

Quantum dots (QDs) offer significant potential for applications in quantum information and optoelectronic devices; however, conventional time-resolved spectroscopy cannot generally simultaneously extract both long-lived relaxation dynamics and short-lived quantum beats from ensemble measurements. This limitation arises from the inherent trade-off between temporal resolution and total acquisition time. Here, we demonstrate that asynchronous optical sampling based on a fiber-delivered frequency comb enables simultaneous observation of QD dynamics across multiple timescales. By integrating a galvanometric scanner, we achieve spatial mapping over a $1 \times 1$-\si{\milli\meter}$^2$ area at 441 discrete points in 30.1~min, a measurement that would otherwise require more than 12~days. At each location, both quantum beats and relaxation lifetimes are resolved, giving physical insights into QD ensembles that were previously inaccessible and paving the way for rapid feedback in device fabrication.