Precise determination of electron-capture $Q$ value of $^{113}$Sn decay related to electron neutrino mass measurements

Abstract

A high-precision measurement of the electron-capture (EC) decay $Q$ value for the ground-state-to-ground-state (gs-to-gs) transition of $^{113}$Sn to $^{113}$In has been performed using the JYFLTRAP double Penning trap mass spectrometer. Employing the phase-imaging ion-cyclotron-resonance technique, the isomeric state of $^{113}$Sn at 77.389(19) keV was resolved, and the cyclotron frequency ratio measured between the isomer $^{113m}$Sn and the daughter nucleus $^{113}$In. This yielded an isomer-to-ground-state $Q$ value of 1116.64(19) keV and gs-to-gs $Q$ value of 1039.25(19) keV. The atomic mass excess of $^{113}$Sn was determined as $-$88327.87(27) keV/c$^2$, in excellent agreement with the Atomic Mass Evaluation 2020 (AME2020) but with a sixfold precision improvement. Using nuclear energy-level data for $^{113}$In, we identified two low $Q$-value transitions of the ground state of $^{113}$Sn to excited states of $^{113}$In at 1024.280(50) keV ($Q_{EC}^* = 14.97(20)$ keV, second forbidden non-unique) and 1029.650(50) keV ($Q_{EC}^* = 9.60(20)$ keV, allowed). The allowed transition exhibits small energy differences ($\Delta_{L1} = 5.58(20)$ keV, $\Delta_{L2} = 5.87(20)$ keV) from L1 and L2 shell binding energies, enhancing endpoint events. Partial half-lives and energy-release spectra were calculated using the self-consistent Dirac-Hartree-Fock-Slater (DHFS) method (including exchange, overlap, shake-up, and shake-off corrections) together with the nuclear shell model, show enhanced endpoint sensitivity for the allowed transition to the state at 1029.650 keV. Including subthreshold atomic states in the spectral function enhances the EC rate near the zero-neutrino-momentum region by a factor of five, enabling new approaches for low $Q$-value EC reactions in neutrino-mass studies.