Generalized square-difference factor absorbing submodules of modules over commutative rings

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce and study the class of generalized square-difference factor absorbing (gsdf-absorbing) submodules of modules over commutative rings. We provide various characterizations and properties of gsdf-absorbing submodules and examine the behavior of this class of submodules in some module extensions, including localization, homomorphic images, direct products, idealization, and amalgamation. We also characterize all gsdf-absorbing submodules of the Z-module Z. Several examples are provided to illustrate the results and to distinguish this class from related notions.