Wave-Function Femtometry: Hypertriton - The Ultimate Halo Nucleus

Abstract

The interaction between nucleons and hyperons - baryons containing a strange quark - is key to understanding the properties of dense nuclear matter, such as that expected in the interior of neutron stars. Direct scattering experiments are hindered by the short lifetime of hyperons, prompting the study of hypernuclei - bound states of nucleons and hyperons - as an alternative approach. The lightest known hypernucleus, the hypertriton ($^3_{\Lambda}$H), is a weakly bound state composed of a proton, a neutron and a $\Lambda$ hyperon, and is believed to exhibit a halo-like structure with the $\Lambda$ being loosely bound to a deuteron core. Based on the first measurement of hypertriton production in proton-proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), its halo structure is confirmed. A successful description of the hypertriton production yield within the nuclear coalescence framework enables an estimation of the $\Lambda$ separation from the deuteron core as $9.54^{+2.67}_{-1.11}$ fm.