Gertsch quotient living in the "poor man's adele ring" $\mathcal{A}$: Kurepa-Bell-Wilson congruence

Abstract

Wilson's theorem is notably related to left factorials, expressed as $K_p \equiv \mathbf{Bell}_{p-1} - 1 \pmod p$, for prime $p\geq3$. This study examines a Kurepa-Bell-Wilson congruence (\textbf{KBW}), $\frac{K_p + 1}{p}\equiv \frac{ \mathbf{Bell}_{p-1}}{p}+ W_p \pmod{p}$, and demonstrates that it naturally generates the non-zero "Gertsch quotient ($\mathbb{G}_p$)," which, for larger primes modulo $p$ resides in the poor man's adele ring $\mathcal{A}$ .