Remote Moir\'e Modulation of Decoupled Dirac Subsystems in Twisted Trilayer Graphene

Abstract

Moir\'e superlattices are generally assumed to act only at the interface where lattice mismatch or twist occurs. Here, we study charge transport in large-angle helical twisted trilayer graphene, where interlayer tunneling is strongly reduced. When only the top monolayer graphene is aligned with hBN, the electronic response reorganizes into a moir\'e-modulated monolayer and a remaining twisted bilayer graphene subsystem. Despite the absence of any explicit structural moir\'e in the twisted bilayer, we observe satellite-like features in its electronic response that run parallel to the primary spectrum and are locked to the density scale of the hBN/graphene moir\'e. These findings indicate that a moir\'e potential may not be confined to its structural interface and can, through electrostatic coupling, influence a spatially separated Dirac subsystem even in the absence of strong interlayer tunneling.