Floquet engineering of spin-spin interactions in a hybrid atomic system

Abstract

We demonstrate dynamical control of the effective spin-spin interaction, dominated by Fermi-contact interaction, in a hybrid spin system via parametric modulation. We show that, in an alkali-noble-gas comagnetometer, periodic modulation of the direction of the electron spin polarization with respect to the nuclear polarization leads to a Floquet-induced renormalization of the spin-exchange coupling, governed by a zeroth-order Bessel function. This effect enables continuous tuning and suppression of the effective interaction strength without altering the intrinsic properties of the system. We develop a theoretical model that supports the experimental measurements. The results establish a general mechanism for controlling interaction strengths in hybrid atomic systems and provide new opportunities for precision measurements and quantum memories.