CR-invariant energy of Legendrian knots in the Heisenberg group

Abstract

We introduce an energy functional for Legendrian knots in the 3-dimensional Heisenberg group $\mathcal{H}$, which serves as a sub-Riemannian analog of the Möbius invariant knot energy in Euclidean 3-space introduced by the second author. The energy is obtained by regularizing a divergent integral of the potential of order -2 with respect to the Korányi distance on $\mathcal{H}$; this choice of distance is essential for the energy to be invariant under the action of PU(2,1). We characterize $\mathbb{R}$-circles in $\mathcal{H}$ as the minimizers of the energy, and establish a Heisenberg analog of the Doyle--Schramm cosine formula. We also show that the energy integrand admits an expression in terms of a complex-valued 2-form on the complement of the diagonal in $\mathcal{H}\times\mathcal{H}$, providing a partial analog of the infinitesimal cross ratio interpretation known from the classical setting.