Electronic and Photonic Integration of Single Quantum Emitters in 2D Materials

Abstract

Single-photon sources that are bright, pure, and interference-ready are essential for quantum communication and photonic quantum information processing, but many solid-state platforms still rely on bulky optical excitation, careful alignment, and post-selection to achieve useful linewidth, stability, and brightness. Scalable quantum photonics instead requires turnkey quantum-light engines that can be triggered on demand, stabilized against environmental noise, and efficiently interfaced with fibers or photonic circuits. This review surveys recent progress in electronic and photonic integration of single quantum emitters in two-dimensional materials, focusing on localized excitonic emitters in transition metal dichalcogenides and defect-based color centers in hexagonal boron nitride. On the electronic side, we discuss electrical injection, fast modulation, electrostatic stabilization, and Stark tunability as routes to suppress blinking, spectral wandering, and charge-noise-induced broadening. On the photonic side, we review waveguide and resonator platforms that funnel emission into well-defined optical modes and, in some cases, enhance radiative rates through the Purcell effect. We connect these integration strategies to key source metrics, including single-photon purity, brightness, spectral stability, and photon indistinguishability. We conclude that the next stage of progress will depend on co-designed electronic and photonic architectures that jointly optimize on-demand operation, stabilization, tunability, and packaging-compatible optical interfacing.