Mid-Circuit Measurements for Clifford Noise Reduction in Hamiltonian Simulations

Abstract

Quantum simulation of fermionic Hamiltonians is a leading application of quantum computing, but accurate execution on present-day hardware is limited by error accumulation in deep Trotter circuits. We present a device-matched noise-reduction framework for encoded Hamiltonian simulation that combines symplectic-transvection-based Trotter synthesis in the Generalized Superfast Encoding (GSE) with Clifford Noise Reduction (CliNR) and Shor-style stabilizer verification enabled by mid-circuit measurement. We implement this approach for a six-qubit encoded Clifford Trotter step on a Barium development system similar to the forthcoming IonQ Tempo line and benchmark it against direct execution using both hardware experiments and a calibrated device-level noise model. The encoded CliNR execution achieves up to 54% lower logical error rate. Crucially, this advantage disappears when stabilizer readout is deferred to the end of the circuit, showing that timely mid-circuit fault detection, rather than verification overhead alone, drives the improvement. As a proof of concept, we further show that machine-learning-guided stabilizer selection can identify verification operators that outperform random choices. These results demonstrate that encoding-native verification combined with dynamic-circuit primitives can materially improve application-motivated quantum simulation without the full overhead of quantum error correction.