Ultra-BroadBand Electromagnetic Control Using a Triple Circular Ring Metasurface: Surface Wave Propagation, Beam Steering, and RCS reduction (50-100 Ghz)

Abstract

Traditional metasurfaces often face challenges in achieving broadband functionality and dynamic adaptability, limiting their use in advanced electromagnetic systems. This paper presents a triple circular ring metasurface designed for multifunctional electromagnetic applications, including surface wave propagation, beam shaping, and ultra-broadband radar cross-section (RCS) reduction. The proposed structure uses a cost-effective FR-4 substrate and demonstrates strong electromagnetic reflection characteristics across 50-100 GHz. Except near 91 GHz, the metasurface exhibits amplitude and phase responses comparable to a conventional copper plate while maintaining efficient surface wave propagation. Significant electric and magnetic field amplitudes of nearly 1 V/m and 5x10^-3 A/m are sustained across the surface, unlike a standard copper plate. The metasurface also redirects incident energy toward a predefined direction of 67 degrees in the phi plane while minimizing radiation over a 360-degree angular range. In addition, it achieves a stable monostatic RCS reduction from -40 dB to -30 dB across a broad frequency range, outperforming conventional copper structures. Numerical simulations validate the proposed design. The results demonstrate strong potential for stealth technology, radar systems, and next-generation wireless communications.