Emergence of a Flow-Assisted Casting Strategy for Olfactory Navigation via Memory-Augmented Reinforcement Learning

Abstract

In dynamic flow fields, various animals exhibit remarkable odor search capabilities despite relying on stochastic detections. Interestingly, there exists an optimal time window for integrating these detections that maximizes search efficiency. To understand the underlying mechanism, we investigate the navigation performance of Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents in unsteady flows under varying memory lengths and flow conditions. Without any predefined models, the agents develop a flow-assisted casting strategy and adaptively adjust both the geometry of their search trajectories and the concentration threshold for initiating casting to maximize the success rate. The agent's average speed toward the odor source exhibits a non-monotonic dependence on memory length, which can be explained by the "sector-search" model.