Fröhlich-type Polarons in Isotopically Enriched Hexagonal Boron Nitride

Abstract

Exciton-phonon interactions play a central role in defining the optical response of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), yet their quantitative determination has remained incomplete. Here, we reveal the Fröhlich-type exciton-phonon coupling in boron-10-enriched hBN using low-temperature cathodoluminescence. We resolve the indirect exciton 5.95$\pm$0.02 eV together with its longitudinal optical (LO) phonon replica detuned by 184$\pm$56 meV, enabling the extraction of a Fröhlich coupling constant $α$=0.159 and a larger exciton binding energy of 161 meV, larger than previously reported values for natural-abundance hBN, which is attributed to isotope enrichment. The inferred polaron radius exceeds the lattice constant, indicating large-polaron behavior. We deduced an exciton scattering time ~of 97 fs, corresponding to a homogeneous linewidth of ~6.76 meV. We further obtain a polaron binding energy of ~48 meV and an effective mass of 1.045 $m_0$. These results provide a direct quantitative characterization of exciton-phonon coupling in isotopically engineered hBN and establish a foundation for tailoring its phonon-polaritonic and quantum-optical properties.