A systematic study of CO/SiO absorption features in early-type galaxies using AKARI/IRC near-infrared spectra

Abstract

The origin of dust in early-type galaxies (ETGs) remains a long-standing question, with proposed sources being mass loss from evolved stars, galaxy mergers, or grain growth in the interstellar medium. To investigate the dominant source of dust in ETGs, we analyzed near-infrared spectra of 30 ETGs obtained with AKARI, focusing on the SiO and CO absorption features tracing the photospheres of old stellar populations. We also derived the dust mass using near- to far-infrared photometric data obtained by 2MASS, WISE, and AKARI. We find that the dust mass correlates with the summed equivalent widths of the SiO and CO absorption features. This trend suggests that a significant fraction of dust in ETGs may originate from mass loss from evolved stars, consistent with an internal production scenario. The dust mass shows no anti-correlation with diffuse X-ray luminosities, suggesting that dust in ETGs is not strongly interacting with X-ray plasma. Moreover, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are detected in the near-infrared spectra. We find that the PAH intensity shows no correlation with the equivalent widths of SiO and CO, but correlates with the luminosity of hot and warm dust components. This suggests that PAHs may be of external origin associated with galaxy merger remnants, heated by the activities of galactic nuclei.