Nonlinear frequency shift and bistability of magnon-polarons

Abstract

We investigate the nonlinear dynamics of strongly coupled surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and spin waves (SWs) in a magnetoacoustic resonator based on a YIG/ZnO heterostructure by combining microwave reflection measurements with microfocused Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy. In the linear regime, the electrical response reveals clear hybridization between standing SAW cavity modes and finite-wave-vector SWs, resulting in pronounced avoided crossings. At elevated drive powers, the hybrid system exhibits a strongly field-dependent nonlinear response characterized by a positive frequency shift of the driven SW mode. Using the vector Hamiltonian formalism for nonlinear spin-wave dynamics, we show that this shift is dominated by a cross-shift term. In our resonator geometry, this contribution becomes significant because the standing SAW cavity mode simultaneously excites counterpropagating SWs with wave vectors $+k$ and $-k$. For suitable field detuning, the nonlinear shift drives the SW mode into resonance with the SAW excitation, leading to a strong enhancement of the magnon population, broadband nonlinear scattering, and bistable foldover behavior. Beyond the foldover threshold, both the magnon and phonon responses stabilize. These results establish SAW-driven $k \neq 0$ magnon-phonon hybrids as a promising platform for nonlinear magnetoacoustics and wave-based information processing.