Energy-Efficient THz Sensing with Hybrid THz/VLC Communication Under Human Blockage Effects
Abstract
This paper presents an energy-efficient indoor system integrating THz with VLC. THz communication offers ultra-high-capacity links but is limited by severe path loss, atmospheric absorption, and susceptibility to blockages. In contrast, VLC provides robust, wide indoor coverage with illumination support, thereby enabling reliable, high-speed hybrid connectivity. To leverage their respective strengths, we propose a hybrid framework that integrates THzs-AP with hybrid THzc/VLCc-AP, enabling reliable coverage and enhancing the EE from an ISAC perspective. We first perform optimal power allocation between the THzs-AP and THzc-AP to optimized the set of users served by the THzc-AP link, considering monostatic sensing performance metrics such as Pd, FAp and SCp under the impact of human blockages are evaluated. Subsequently, the overall network power consumption is minimized via a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization that optimally selects the active VLCc-APs and assigns transmit powers. Furthermore, extensive performance evaluations are conducted to analyze key metrics, including average energy efficiency, average spectral efficiency, average sensing rate, and average communication rate. Simulation results demonstrate that, under THz sensing, most users are connected to the THzc-AP in the absence of blockages, whereas in the presence of blockages, the majority are served by the VLCc-APs. Overall, all users maintain reliable coverage with high EE.
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