On exotic rationally integrable planar dual billiards I. Complex geometry and type of dynamics

Abstract

A planar dual billiard is a planar curve $γ$ equipped with a family $(σ_P)|_{P\inγ}$ of projective involutions of the projective lines $L_P$ tangent to $γ$ at $P$ that fix $P$. A dual billiard is called rationally integrable, if there exists a rational function $R(x,y)$ of two variables (called first integral) whose restriction to each tangent line $L_P$ is $σ_P$-invariant. In the previous author's paper it was shown that rationally integrable dual billiards exist only on conics punctured at $k$ points, $0\leq k\leq 4$. Their classification given there includes standard examples with quadratic integrals, defined by conical pencils, and an infinite family of exotic examples with minimal degree of integrals being any even number greater than two. In the present paper we study a question stated by Dmitry Treschev on dynamics and conservation laws in the exotic examples. We study the dynamics acting on the two-dimensional phase space: the complex algebraic surface consisting of pairs $(Q,P)$, where $Q\in\mathbb{CP}^2\setminusγ$, $P\inγ$ and the line $QP$ is tangent to $γ$ at $P$. We show that the phase space is fibered by invariant algebraic curves along which $Q$ lies in a level curve of the integral of the dual billiard. For each example we find the type of a generic level curve of the integral and of the corresponding fiber. We show that a generic level curve is rational in most of examples and elliptic in two examples. We present formulas for an invariant area form on the phase space and for invariant holomorphic differentials on invariant curves. This yields a formula for holomorphic differentials on the elliplic level curves of the integral.