Singular mean-field limits for fluctuations around equilibrium

Abstract

This work addresses the mean-field limit of inertial particle systems with singular interactions in a perturbative regime around Gibbs equilibrium. We prove that small fluctuations around equilibrium are asymptotically governed by the linearized Vlasov equation. The result applies to a broad class of singular interaction kernels, including the Coulomb case in dimensions $d\le3$. In particular, this provides a rigorous derivation of the linearized mean-field dynamics near equilibrium in settings where the corresponding nonlinear mean-field limit remains out of reach.