Decoupling heat and electricity: A thermal invisible gateway

Abstract

The Wiedemann-Franz law couples electrical and thermal conductivity, making high electrical conduction with low thermal conduction a major challenge. To overcome this, we designed an active thermal metasurface (ATMS) - based thermal invisible gateway that decouples thermal and electrical paths. Built on a copper substrate with a dumbbell-shaped bridge, the structure suppresses heat flow via directional compensation while allowing unimpeded electrical conduction. Room-temperature experiments show an effective thermal conductivity below 10^-3 W m^-1 K^-1 (near zero, air-like insulation) and an electrical conductivity up to 2.8x10^7 S m^-1 (metal-level). Unlike conventional material-modification approaches, our work uses macroscopic structural design to break the intrinsic coupling, offering a promising solution for applications like on-chip interconnects and wearable electronics.