DiTTo: Scalable Order-aware All-in-One Image Restoration Agent

Abstract

Real-world images rarely suffer from a single degradation, and the order in which degradations are removed substantially affects the final restoration quality, motivating agent-based image restoration (IR), where a vision-language model schedules a pool of pre-built restoration-experts. However, existing training-based agents require $\mathcal{O}((N^{\mathbf{D}})^{2})$ restoration-expert calls per image to construct the Optimal Restoration-action Trajectory Dataset (ORTD), where $N^{\mathbf{D}}$ denotes the number of degradation types in the universe $\mathbf{D}$, and couple agent training to a fixed restoration-expert pool, preventing extension to newly introduced restoration-experts without full retraining. To overcome these efficiency and extensibility bottlenecks, we propose \textbf{DiTTo}, a novel order-aware image restoration agent framework consisting of the DiTTo Simulator and the DiTTo Agent. The DiTTo Simulator combines $\cup$S-IR for single-step restoration-action simulation and AiO-IQA for per-action quality prediction, reducing ORTD construction to $\mathcal{O}(N^{\mathbf{D}})$ simulator calls per image; the DiTTo Agent is trained by SFT on the simulator-generated ORTD, followed by \textbf{Order-aware Restoration Alignment (ORA)} that aligns degradation identification, restoration-action-ordering, and output format along independent axes. This enables \textbf{plug-and-play scalable extensibility}: adding a new restoration-expert requires updating only the lightweight ORA stage. On the MiO-100 evaluation set with up to five concurrent degradations, our DiTTo Agent achieves state-of-the-art multi-degradation restoration quality among previous agent-based IR methods.