Joint Channel and Symbol Estimation for RIS-Assisted Fluid Antenna Systems

Abstract

This paper addresses joint channel and symbol estimation in reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multiuser uplink systems with fluid antennas (FAs) at the base station. We propose the Nested Tucker for Fluid Antenna Systems (NTFAS) protocol, in which FA port selection and user-dependent coding vary across blocks while the transmitted symbol matrix is shared across observations. This structure yields coupled Tucker models with common channel and data factors. A two-stage semi-blind bilinear alternating least squares (BALS) receiver is then developed to estimate the cascaded channel and symbols, and to separate the user-to-RIS and RIS-to-BS channels through the embedded PARAFAC structure. Simulations show that NTFAS improves cascaded-channel NMSE and spectral efficiency (SE) with respect to a competing semi-blind benchmark, while maintaining comparable BER performance.